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One of the fastest, Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G

Conclusion

For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

The RTX 4090 core (GPU) is slightly smaller in terms of die area compared to the RTX 3090 (Ti), but significantly larger (by about 60%) than in the RTX 4080. With 128 SM blocks, the GeForce RTX 4090 has more than double the units of the RTX 4070 Ti. The memory capacity (GDDR6X) is also doubled, as is the width of the memory bus.

Memory bandwidth exceeds 1 TB/s, as the only gaming graphics card today. The RTX 4090 is actually in a category of its own. The TDP (450W) is on par with the RTX 3090 Ti, but the Ada Lovelace is, of course, a significantly more efficient architecture than the Ampere. Per unit of power draw, the intergenerational increase in speed is really significant, but we’re getting a bit ahead of ourselves…

Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G in detail

The test sample of the RTX 4090 graphics card we have is the Gigabyte Gaming OC version. Compared to the Aorus Master, it is a lower range card, but with a more attractive price, better compatibility due to the slightly smaller size. However, it is still a huge graphics card weighing over two kilograms.

No expense has been spared on the body structure, the backplate is also made of metal. It has a cutout/window at the back (in the part that already exceeds the short PCB in length) for really effective airflow. Gigabyte didn’t use any grille here and yet nothing is twisting anywhere. The perimeter fold of the backplate on the sides also adds to the strength neatly. This also contributes to higher protection of the more sensitive parts during (de) mounting.

The graphics core and memory are in contact with the large base of the vapor chamber. In regards to the heatsink, Gigabyte also mentions the alternation of longer and shorter fins for more efficient airflow. Additionally, the longer fins are bent a bit to allow for a bit more surface area.

The active component of the Windforce cooler consists of three fans. These are larger than is usual on graphics cards. The format of the fans is 110 mm.Their cross-section is also a number larger compared to competing MSI Tri Frozr 3S coolers, for example. The fan profile is also higher (20 mm).

Gigabyte did not reach for the popular rotor frame to reduce vibration at the tips of the blades. On the other hand, it should be noted that due to the greater material thickness, the blades are extra stiff. There are, however, a trio of protruding channels on each blade. These suppress the microturbulence of the air currents at the trailing edges, resulting in a small but nonetheless some increase in airflow while reducing noise.

Noise at the expense of higher temperature is also reduced by the “silent” BIOS, which can be selected by a mechanical switch. The achieved clock speeds across BIOSes are set the same, at 2535 MHz in boost. In practice, however, some differences may still occur depending on the cooling. The more effective system cooling you have in the case, the closer they will be to zero. We use the “OC” BIOS to run through all the tests as we always do with all cards. This is, after all, the default on the Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G as well.

In length, this graphics card is 340 mm (that’s 18 mm less than the Aorus Master variant, by the way), the thickness slightly exceeds 75 mm (so count on blocking four slots). From the motherboard to the side panel then, it’s 150 mm in the traditional, horizontal position. You may find these incompatible with some cases. Typically with those which have the interior longitudinally divided into two chambers. However, there are still wider models than this among the RTX 4090s.

   

Although it is a really big card, if we only focus on the RTX 4090, the Gigabyte Gaming OC 24G is more of a “smaller” card.

   

Due to the relatively high weight (~2029g) of the graphics card, a two-piece bracket is included with the accessory. And then there’s the 16-pin adapter that connects to four 6+2-pin PCIes, which means it’s built for a load equivalent to 600W.

The hollows used are from Astron, which are presented as the inferior option compared to alternative NTK hollows. This is because of the smaller contact area with the pins, for which there is higher transient resistance as well as temperature. But they are still generously oversized and definitely suitable for a graphics card with RTX 4090-like power draw. If you don’t own an ATX 3.0 power supply with its own 16-pin, feel free to use the adapter supplied with the graphics card.

The only thing we can complain about with the adapter design is the weaker taping of the fabric that wraps around the individual wires. More frequent handling can then result in fraying at the ends, which is, of course, only a cosmetic thing. The electrical design is fine, the temperature of the connector housing, even at about 450 W, reaches about 60 °C in our conditions.

From the lighted elements (ARGB LEDs) there are circular strips between the fans and the heatsink and on the side there is the Gigabyte logo. The lighting color and effects can be adjusted in the Gigabyte RGB Fusion 2.0 app.

Please note: The article continues with following chapters.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

ParametersGigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G
ArchitectureAda Lovelace
DieAD102-300-A1
Manufacturing node4 nm TSMC
Die size608 mm²
Transistor count76,3 bn.
Compute units128
Shaders/CUDA cores16 384
Base Clock2235 MHz
Game Clock (AMD)
Boost Clock2535 MHz
RT units128
AI/tensor cores512
ROPs176
TMUs512
L2 Cache72 MB
Infinity Cache
InterfacePCIe 4.0 ×16
Multi-GPU interconnect
Memory24 GB GDDR6X
Memory clock (effective)21.0 GHz
Memory bus384 bit
Memory bandwidth1008.4 GB/s
Pixel fillrate446.2 Gpx/s
Texture fillrate1297.9 Gtx/s
FLOPS (FP32)82.58 TFLOPS
FLOPS (FP64)1290 GFLOPS
FLOPS (FP16)82.58 TFLOPS
AI/tensor TOPS (INT8)660.6 TOPS
AI/tensor FLOPS (FP16)330.3 TOPS
TDP450 W
Power connectors1× 16-pin
Card lenght340 mm
Card slots used75.2 mm
Shader Model6.7
DirectX/Feature LevelDX 12 Ultimate (12_2)
OpenGL4.6
Vulkan1.3
OpenCL3.0
CUDA8.9
Video encoder engineNVEnc 8
Encoding formatsHEVC, H.264, AV1
Encoding resolution8K
Video decoder engineNVDec 5
Decoding formatsHEVC, H.264,VP9, AV1
Decoding resolution8K
Max. Monitor resolution7680 × 4320 px
HDMI1× (2.1)
DisplayPort3× (1.4a)
USB-C
MSRP1878 EUR
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2324" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2324 { ... } #supsystic-table-2324 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2324 tbody tr { ... } */




For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Gaming tests

The largest sample of tests is from games. This is quite natural given that GeForce and Radeons, i.e. cards primarily intended for gaming use, will mostly be tested.

We chose the test games primarily to ensure the balance between the titles better optimized for the GPU of one manufacturer (AMD) or the other one (Nvidia). But we also took into account the popularity of the titles so that you could find your own results in the charts. Emphasis was also placed on genre diversity. Games such as RTS, FPS, TPS, car racing as well as a flight simulator, traditional RPG and sports games are represented by the most played football game. You can find a list of test games in the library of chapters (9–32), with each game having its own chapter, sometimes even two (chapters) for the best possible clarity, but this has its good reason, which we will share with you in the following text.

Before we start the gaming tests, each graphics card will pass the tests in 3D Mark to warm up to operating temperature. That’s good synthetics to start with.

We’re testing performance in games across three resolutions with an aspect ratio of 16:9 – FHD (1920 × 1080 px), QHD (2560 × 1440 px) and UHD (3840 × 2160 px) and always with the highest graphic settings, which can be set the same on all current GeForce and Radeon graphics cards. We turned off proprietary settings for the objectivity of the conclusions, and the settings with ray-tracing graphics are tested separately, as lower class GPUs do not support them. You will find their results in the complementary chapters. In addition to native ray-tracing, also after deploying Nvidia DLSS (2.0) and AMD FidelityFX CAS.

If the game has a built-in benchmark, we use that one (the only exception is Forza Horizon 4, where due to its instability – it used to crash here and there – we drive on our track), in other cases the measurements take place on the games’ own scenes. From those we capture the times of consecutive frames in tables (CSV) via OCAT, which FLAT interprets into intelligible fps speech. Both of these applications are from the workshop of colleagues from the gpureport.cz magazine. In addition to the average frame rate, we also write the minimum in the graphs. That contributes significantly to the overall gaming experience. For the highest possible accuracy, all measurements are repeated three times and the final results form their average value.

Computational tests

Testing the graphics card comprehensively, even in terms of computing power, is more difficult than drawing conclusions from the gaming environment. Just because such tests are usually associated with expensive software that you don’t just buy for the editorial office. On the other hand, we’ve found ways to bring the available computing performance to you. On the one hand, thanks to well-built benchmarks, there are also some freely available and at the same time relevant applications, and thirdly, we have invested something in the paid ones.

The tests begin with ComputeBench, which computes various simulations (including game graphics). Then we move on to the popular SPECviewperf benchmark (2020), which integrates partial operations from popular 2D and 3D applications, including 3Ds max and SolidWorks. Details on this test package can be found at spec.org. From the same team also comes SPECworkstation 3, where GPU acceleration is in the Caffe and Folding@Home tests. You can also find the results of the LuxMark 3.1 3D render in the graphs, and the remarkable GPGPU theoretical test also includes AIDA64 with FLOPS, IOPS and memory speed measurements.

For obvious reasons, 3D rendering makes the largest portion of the tests. This is also the case, for example, in the Blender practical tests (2.91). In addition to Cycles, we will also test the cards in Eevee and radeon ProRender renderers (let AMD have a related test, as most are optimized for Nvidia cards with proprietary CUDA and OptiX frameworks). Of course, an add-on for V-ray would also be interesting, but at the moment the editorial office can’t afford it, we may manage to get a “press” license in time, though, we’ll see. We want to expand application tests in the future. Definitely with some advanced AI testing (we haven’t come up with a reasonable way yet), including noise reduction (there would be some ideas already, but we haven’t incorporated those due to time constraints).

Graphics cards can also be tested well in photo editing. To get an idea of the performance in the popular Photoshop, we’re using a script in PugetBench, which simulates real work with various filters. Among them are those that use GPU acceleration. A comprehensive benchmark suggesting the performance of raster and vector graphics is then also used in alternative Affinity Photo. In Lightroom, there are remarkable color corrections (Enhance Details) of raw uncompressed photos. We apply these in batches to a 1 GB archive. All of these tasks can be accelerated by both GeForce and Radeon.

From another perspective, there are decryption tests in Hashcat with a selection of AES, MD5, NTLMv2, SHA1, SHA2-256/512 and WPA-EAPOL-PBKDF2 ciphers. Finally, in the OBS and XSplit broadcast applications, we measure how much the game performance will be reduced while recording. It is no longer provided by shaders, but by coders (AMD VCE and Nvidia Nvenc). These tests show how much spare performance each card has for typical online streaming.

There are, of course, more hardware acceleration options, typically for video editing and conversion. However, this is purely in the hands of encoders, which are always the same within one generation of cards from one manufacturer, so there is no point in testing them on every graphics card. It is different across generations and tests of this type will sooner or later appear. Just fine-tuning the metric is left, where the output will always have the same bitrate and pixel match. This is important for objective comparisons, because the encoder of one company/card may be faster in a particular profile with the same settings, but at the expense of the lower quality that another encoder has (but may not have, it’s just an example).

New: As of November 18, 2022, we are testing all graphics cards only in Resizable BAR active mode. There are three reasons why we will not continue with measurements without ReBAR.

The main reason is that new motherboards starting with Intel Z790 and AMD X670(E) chipset models already have it enabled, which wasn’t the case before, and the PCIe settings required ReBAR to be enabled manually. So those who don’t turn it off will be running with ReBAR active, which is a good thing from a gaming perspective where it adds performance. This is perhaps to some extent because Intel graphics cards without ReBAR don’t seem to behave correctly, and there will probably be more and more graphics cards that count on it in the future. You already know the number two reason for ReBAR-only tests.

Finally, it is also true that testing all tests twice (with and without ReBAR) with triple repeatability is extremely time consuming. However, it is still true what we have argued many times – a platform with ReBAR is less stable when it comes to measurement results. Over time, some things may change in the debugging process (from driver to driver) and may not “make sense” when compared to each other. So when you see somewhere that in other tests a slower card outperforms a more powerful one in some particular case, remember these words.

The disadvantage of measurements with active ReBAR is, in short, that all comparison tests may not always be perfectly consistent. And it is possible that there will continue to be cases where ReBAR reduces performance rather than adding to it. These are things to be reckoned with when studying results. This applies not only to our tests, but to the tests of all the others who do not retest all the older models in comparison with every new graphics card tested.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Methodology: how we measure power draw

We have been tuning the method of measuring power draw for quite a long time and we will also be tuning it for some time. But we already have gimmicks that we can work with happily.

To get the exact value of the total power draw of the graphics card, it is necessary to map the internal power draw on the PCI Express slot and the external one on the additional power supply. For the analysis of the PCIe slot, it was necessary to construct an in-between card on which the power draw measurement takes place. Its basis is resistors calibrated to the exact value (0.1 Ω) and according to the amount of their voltage drop we can calculate the current. We then substitute it into the formula for the corresponding value of the output voltage ~ 12 V and ~ 3.3 V. The voltage drop is so low that it doesn’t make the VRM of the graphics card unstable and the output is still more than 12/3.3 V.

We measure power consumption on the card between the graphics card and the PCI Express slot. Rado Kopera took care of the design and implementation (thank you!)

We are also working on a similar device for external power supply. However, significantly higher currents are achieved there, longer cabling and more passages between connectors are necessary, which means that the voltage drop will have to be read on an even smaller resistance of 0.01 Ω, the current state (with 0.1 Ω) is unstable for now. Until we fine-tune it, we will use Prova 15 current clamp for cable measurements, which also measures with good accuracy, they just have a range of up to 30 A. But that is also enough for the OC version of the RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio. If a card is over the range, it is always possible to split the consumption measurement (first into one half and then into the other half of the 12 V conductors).

And why bother with such devices at all when Nvidia has a PCAT power draw analyzer? For complete control over the measurements. While our devices are transparent, the Nvidia’s tool uses the processor that can (but of course does not have to) affect the measurements. After testing the AMD graphics card on the Nvidia’s tool, we probably wouldn’t sleep well.

To read and record measurements, we use a properly calibrated multimeter Keysight U1231A, which exports samples to XLS. From it we obtain the average value and by substituting into the formula with the exact value of the subcircuit output voltages we obtain the data for the graphs.

   

We will analyze the line graphs with the waveforms for each part of the power supply separately. Although the 3.3 V value is usually negligible, it needs to be monitored. It is difficult to say what exactly this subcircuit powers, but usually the consumption on it is constant and when it changes only with regard to whether a static or dynamic image is rendered. We measure consumption in two sort of demanding games (F1 2020 and Shadow of the Tomb Raider) and one less demanding one (CS:GO) with the highest graphic details preset and UHD resolution (3840 × 2560 px). Then in 3D rendering in Blender using the Cycles renderer on the famous Classroom scene. However, in addition to high-load tests, it’s important to know your web browser consumption (which, in our case, is accelerated Google Chrome), where we also spend a lot of time watching videos or browsing the web. The usual average load of this type is represented by the FishIE Tank (HTML5) website with 20 fish and the web video in our power draw tests is represented by a sample with the VP9 codec, data rate of 17.4 mb/s and 60 fps. In contrast, we also test offline video consumption, in VLC player on a 45 HEVC sample (45.7 mb/s, 50 fps). Finally, we also record the power consumption of the graphics card on the desktop of idle Windows 10 with one or two active UHD@60 Hz monitors.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Noise measurement…

Noise, as well as other operating characteristics, which we will focus on, we’re measuring in the same modes as consumption, so that the individual values overlap nicely. In addition to the level of noise produced, we also record the frequency response of the sound, the course of the GPU clock speed and its temperature.

In this part of the methodology description, we will present something about the method of noise measurement. We use a Reed R8080 sound level meter, which we continuously calibrate with a calibrated Voltcraft SLC-100 digital sound level meter. A small addition to the sound level meter is a parabola-shaped collar, which has two functions. Increases the sensitivity to distinguish the sound produced even at very low speeds. It is thus possible to better compare even very quiet cards with the largest possible ratio difference. Otherwise (without this adjustment) it could simply happen that we measured the same noise level across several graphics cards, even though it would actually be a little different. This parabolic shield also makes sense because, from the outer convex side (from the back), it reflects all the parasitic sounds that everyone who really aims for accuracy of the measurements struggles with during the test. These are various cracks of the body or objects in the room during normal human activity.

To ensure the same conditions when measuring the noise level (and later also the sound), we use acoustic panels with a foam surface around the bench-wall. This is so that the sound is always reflected to the sound level meter sensor in the same way, regardless of the current situation of the objects in the test room. These panels are from three sides (top, right and left) and their purpose is to soundproof the space in which we measure the noise of graphics cards. Soundproofing means preventing different reflections of sound and oscillations of waves between flat walls. Don’t confuse it with sound-absorbing, we’ve had that solved well in the test lab for a long time.

During the measurements, the sound level meter sensor is always placed on a tripod at the same angle and at the same distance (35 cm) from the PCI Express slot in which the graphics card is installed. Of course, it’s always closer to the card itself, depending on its depth. The indicated reference point and the sensor angles are fixed. In addition to the “aerodynamic noise” of the coolers, we also measure the noise level of whining coils. Then we stop the fans for a moment. And for the sake of completeness, it should be added that during sound measurements, we also switch off the power supply fan as well as the CPU cooler fan. Thus, purely the graphics card is always measured without any distortion by other components.

… and the sound frequency response

From the same place, we also measure the frequency of the sound produced. One thing is the noise level (or sound pressure level in decibels) and the other thing is its frequency response.

According to the data on the noise level, you can quickly find out whether the graphics card is quieter or noisier, or where it is on the scale, but it is still a mix of different frequencies. Thus, it does not say whether the sound produced is more booming (with a lower frequency) or squeaking (with a high frequency). The same 35 dBA can be pleasant but also unpleasant for you under certain circumstances – it depends on each individual how they perceive different frequencies. For this reason, we will also measure the frequency response of the sound graphics card in addition to the noise level, via the TrueRTA application. The results will be interpreted in the form of a spectrograph with a resolution of 1/24 octave and for better comparison with other graphics cards we will include the dominant frequency of lower (20–200 Hz), medium (201–2,000 Hz) and higher (2,001–20,000 Hz) sound spectrum into standard bar graphs. For measurements, we’re using a calibrated miniDSP UMIK-1 microphone, which accurately copies the position of the sound level meter, but also has a collar, even with the same focal length.

At the end of this chapter, it should be noted that measurements of noise and frequency response of sound will be performed on most cards only in load tests, as out of load and at lower load (including video decoding) operation is usually passive with fans turned off. On the other hand, we must also be prepared for exceptions with active operation in idle or graphics cards with dual BIOS setup, from which the more powerful one never turns off the fans and they run at least at minimum speed. Finally, as with measuring the noise level in one of the tests, we also record the frequency response of whining coils. But don’t expect any dramatic differences here. It will usually be one frequency, and the goal is rather to detect any potential anomalies. The sound of the whining coils is of course variable, depending on the scene, but we always measure in the same scene (in CS:GO@1080p).



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Methodology: temperature tests

We’re also bringing you temperature tests. You are at HWCooling after all. However, in order to make it sensible at all to monitor temperatures on critical components not only of the graphics card, but anything in the computer, it is important to simulate a real computer case environment with healthy air circulation. The overall behavior of the graphics card as such then follows from this. In many cases, an open bench-table is inappropriate and results can be distorted. Therefore, during all, not only heat tests, but also measurement of consumption or course of graphics core frequencies, we use a wind tunnel with equilibrium flow.

Two Noctua NF-S12A fans are at the inlet and the same number is on the exhaust. When testing various system cooling configurations, this proved to be the most effective solution. The fans are always set to 5 V and the speed corresponds to approx. 550 rpm. The stability of the inlet air is properly controlled during the tests, the temperature being between 21 and 21.3 °C at a humidity of ±40 %.

We read the temperature from the internal sensors via GPU-Z. This small, single-purpose application also allows you to record samples from sensors in a table. From the table, it is then easy to create line graphs with waveforms or the average value into bar graphs. We will not use the thermal camera very much here, as most graphics cards have a backplate, which makes it impossible to measure the PCB heating. The key for the heating graphs will be the temperature reading by internal sensors, according to which, after all, the GPU frequency control also takes place. It will always be the heating of the graphics core, and if the sensors are also on VRAM and VRM, we will extract these values into the article as well.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Test setup

The AMD Ryzen 9 5900X processor
The Noctua NH-U14S cooler
The MSI MEG X570 Ace motherboard
Patriot Blackout memory (4× 8 GB, 3600 MHz/CL18)
2× Patriot Viper VPN100 SSD (512 GB + 2 TB)
The BeQuiet! Dark Power Pro 12 PSU w/ 1200 W

Test configuration
ProcessorAMD Ryzen 9 5900X
CPU CoolerNoctua NH-U14S@12 V s NT-H2
MotherboardMSI MEG X570 Ace
Memory (RAM)Patriot Blackout, 4× 8 GB, 3600 MHz/CL18
SSD2× Patriot Viper VPN100 (512 GB + 2 TB)
PSUBeQuiet! Dark Power Pro 12 (1200 W)
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-979" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-979 { ... } #supsystic-table-979 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-979 tbody tr { ... } */

Note: Nvidia GeForce 531.68 Game Ready and 531.61 Studio graphics drivers are used at the time of testing, Windows 10 Enterprise OS build is 19043.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

3DMark

For the tests we’re using 3DMark Professional and the Night Raid (DirectX12) is suitable for comparing weaker GPUs, for more powerful ones there is Fire Strike (DirectX11) and Time Spy (DirectX12).





For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Age of Empires II: DE

Test platform benchmark, API DirectX 11; graphics settings preset Ultra; no extra settings.








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Assassin’s Creed: Valhalla

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 12; graphics settings preset Ultra High; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Battlefield V

Test platform custom scene (War stories/Under no flag); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; TAA high; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Battlefield V with DXR

Test platform custom scene (War stories/Under no flag); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; TAA high; extra settings DXR.







Note: The game also supports DLSS, but as it’s an older title and there are many tests, we will not address it in standard tests. However, measurements on request are possible if you ask for it.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Borderlands 3

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; TAA; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Control

Test platform custom scene (chapter Polaris); API DirectX 11, graphics settings preset High; no extra settings.








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Control with DXR and DLSS

Test platform custom scene (chapter Polaris); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset High; extra settings DXR.

   

DXR (native)






DXR with DLSS (performance)








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Counter-Strike: GO

Test platform benchmark (Dust 2 map tour); API DirectX 9, graphics settings preset High; 4× MSAA; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Cyberpunk 2077

Test platform custom scene (Little China); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Cyberpunk 2077 with DLSS

Test platform custom scene (Little China); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; extra settings DLSS (performance).

DLSS (performance)








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Cyberpunk 2077 with DXR

Test platform custom scene (Little China); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; extra settings Ray Tracing on (Ultra).

DXR






DXR with DLSS (performance)








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

DOOM Eternal

Test platform custom scene; API Vulkan, graphics settings preset Ultra Nightmare; no extra settings.






      



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

F1 2020

Test platform benchmark (Australia, Clear/Dry, Cycle); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra High; TAA; extra settings Skidmarks blending off*.






   


*on GeForce graphics cards, the Skidmarks blending option is disabled. This option is missing on AMD graphics cards. However, the overall quality of Skidmarks is otherwise set to High on both GeForce and AMD.

Note: The game also supports DLSS 2.0 and FidelityFX for upscaling and sharpening, but due to the relatively low hardware requirements in the native settings, we will not address them in standard tests. However, measurements on request are possible if you ask for it.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

FIFA 21

Test platform custom scene (Autumn/Fall, Overcast, 9pm, Old Trafford); API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; no extra settings.








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Forza Horizon 4

Test platform custom scene; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; 2× MSAA; no extra settings.






      



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Mafia: DE

Test platform custom scene (from the Salieri’s Bar parking lot to the elevated railway gate); API DirectX 11, graphics settings preset High; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Metro Exodus

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Extreme; no extra settings.








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Metro Exodus with DXR and DLSS

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Ultra; extra settings DXR.

DXR (native)






DXR with DLSS (performance)








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Microsoft Flight Simulator

Disclaimer: We do not use the results from this game to calculate the average gaming performance. This is because the performance of the game often changes due to updates, and when this happens, we start building the results database from scratch. To check the consistency of the MFS results, we run a test scene with the MSI RTX 3080 Gaming X Trio before testing each new graphics card.

Test platform custom scene (Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Air Traffic: AI, February 14, 9:00 am) autopilot: from 1000 until hitting the terrain; API DirectX 11, graphics settings preset Ultra; TAA; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Red Dead Redemption 2 (Vulkan)

Test platform custom scene; API Vulkan, graphics settings preset Favor Quality; no extra settings.






      



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Red Dead Redemption 2 (Dx12)

Test platform custom scene; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Favor Quality; no extra settings.






Why is the result missing for some graphics cards? At some point, both AMD and Nvidia stopped supporting Vulkan for Red Dead Redemption 2. Because of this, it is not possible to test under this API, although it is still in the game’s settings. But don’t turn it on, you won’t be able to run the game afterwards and you’ll need to manually override Vulkan to Dx12 in the system.xml file.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Shadow of the Tomb Raider

Test platform custom scene; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Highest; TAA; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Shadow of the Tomb Raider with DXR

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 12, graphics settings preset Highest; extra settings DXR.






Note: This game also supports DLSS and FidelityFX CAS, but since this is an older title and there are more than enough tests, we will not address this setting in standard tests. However, testing on request is possible if you ask for it.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Total War Saga: Troy

Test platform benchmark; API DirectX 11, graphics settings preset Ultra; 4× AA, no extra settings.








For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Wasteland 3

Test platform custom scene; API DirectX 11, graphics settings preset Ultra; no extra settings.






   



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Overall gaming performance

We calculate the average performance so that each game has an equal weight on the result. You can find out exactly how we arrive at the result in this article.

Disclaimer: The charts below present averages from games with settings where only the graphics generated by rasterization appear. This selection was originally intended to allow the inclusion of graphics cards without ray-tracing support. However, it is also reasonable to consider speed with ray-tracing graphics as well. Therefore, prospectively, we will incorporate additional sets of charts into the tests, where one will also take into account graphics details with ray tracing and the other will be exclusively for gaming setups under DXR with RT.






Performance per euro





For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

CompuBench 2.0 (OpenCL)

Test platform benchmark; API OpenCL; no extra settings.

Game Effects



Advanced Compute




High Quality Computer Generated Imagery and Rendering



Computer Vision



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

SPECviewperf 2020

Test platform benchmark; API OpenGL and DirectX; no extra settings.









SPECworkstation 3




For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

FLOPS, IOPS and memory speed tests

Test platform benchmark; app version 6.32.5600; no extra settings.












For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

LuxMark

Test platform benchmark; API OpenCL; no extra settings.



Blender@Cycles

Test platform render BMW and Classroom; renderer Cycles, 12 tiles; extra settings: OpenCL for Radeon and CUDA for GeForce, the way most people will use it. OpenCL with GeForce is always slow because path tracing does not support GPU acceleration and is calculated by the CPU. Nvidia OptiX is tested separately on supported cards (GeForce RTX) and the results are drawn separately.


We also test Nvidia OptiX on GeForce RTX




For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Blender@Radeon ProRender

Test platform render BMW and Classroom; renderer Radeon ProRender, 1024 samples. Extra settings are OpenCL for Radeon and CUDA for GeForce. Nvidia OptiX is tested separately on supported graphics cards (GeForce RTX) and the results are drawn separately.




Blender@Eevee

Test platform animation render Ember Forest; renderer Eevee, 350 images; extra settings OpenCL.


Render Ember Forest in Blender 2.92



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Photo editing

Adobe Photoshop: Test platform PugetBench; no extra settings.







Affinity Photo: Test platform built-in benchmark; no extra settings.


Adobe Lightroom: Test platform custom1-gigabyte archive of 42 raw photos (CR2) taken with DSLR; no extra settings.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Broadcasting

OBS Studio and XSplit: Test platform F1 2020 game benchmark; extra settings – enabled encoders AMD VCE/Nvidia Nvenc (AVC/H.264), output resolution 2560 × 1440 px (60 fps), target bitrate 19,700 kbps.






For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Password cracking

Test platform Hashcat; no extra settings. You can easily try the tests yourself. Just download the binary and enter the cipher you are interested in using in the command line according to the numeric code.

Why are some GeForce graphics cards reporting no results? Nvidia’s newer 5xx.xx game and studio drivers no longer support Hashcat. Although it can be started via the command line and a test for a specific cipher can be entered, but no action, calculation, comes after confirmation. We will investigate the reasons and possible solutions in more detail over time, but without a fix at the graphics driver level, it’s probably not going to happen.











For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

GPU clock speeds









For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

GPU temperature









VRAM temperature

Note: If the measured value is missing for the selected graphics card, it means that it cannot be detected by the internal sensor.











For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Net GPU power draw









Performance per watt





For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Analysis of 12 V branch power supply (higher load)







For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Analysis of 12 V branch power supply (lower load)












For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Analysis of 3,3 V branch power supply











For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Noise level







For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Frequency response of sound

Measurements are performed in the TrueRTA application, which records sound in a range of 240 frequencies in the recorded range of 20–20,000 Hz. For the possibility of comparison across articles, we export the dominant frequency from the low (20–200 Hz), medium (201–2,000 Hz) and high (2,001–20,000 Hz) range to standard bar graphs.

However, for an even more detailed analysis of the sound expression, it is important to perceive the overall shape of the graph and the intensity of all frequencies/tones. If you don’t understand something in the graphs or tables below, you’ll find the answers to all your questions in this article. This explains how to read the measured data below correctly.

The microphone we use to analyze the sound of coolers and coils



Graphics cardDominant sound freq. and noise level in F1 2020@2160pNF-F12 PWMNF-A15 PWM
Low rangeMid rangeHigh range
Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G (OC), ReBAR on195,8-69,41045,7-62,15270,0-83,9
Sapphire RX 7900 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-75,1213,6-70,96450,8-82,4
MSI RTX 4070 Ti Suprim X 12G (G), ReBAR on97,9-77,01107,9-74,15747,0-81,8
MSI RTX 4080 16GB Suprim X (G), ReBAR on71,3-77,21076,3-69,311830,8-75,4
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR off138,5-78,81107,9-78,62031,9-84,8
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR on123,4-81,21107,9-80,018245,6-83,7
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on50,4-83,31107,9-72,47240,8-82,5
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off184,9-82,31107,9-71,46834,4-82,2
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR onSapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-71,81356,1-72,76088,7-80,9
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR offSapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR off100,8-71,8219,8-74,56088,7-81,0
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR on50,4-77,01076,3-56,52031,9-69,4
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR off50,4-75,91076,3-56,72031,9-69,6
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR onSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on138,5-62,41107,9-56,611166,8-74,7
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR offSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on138,5-61,91107,9-55,65747,0-74,7
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on100,8-73,21076,3-71,27034,6-76,5
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off100,8-75,21076,3-73,57034,6-76,5
MSI RTX 3060 Ti Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-70,61107,9-82,87034,6-83,7
Gigabyte RTX 3060 Eagle OC 12G, ReBAR off100,8-71,6213,6-64,32031,9-74,2
MSI RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-72,31076,3-76,04561,4-81,2
MSI RTX 3070 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-73,91076,3-79,76267,2-85,1
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR on100,8-71,01076,3-66,59665,3-81,3
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR off100,8-71,81107,9-67,42091,4-75,3
TUF RTX 3080 O10G Gaming, ReBAR off100,8-76,01107,9-77,97034,6-74,4
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR on100,8-71,61107,9-74,710848,9-76,3
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR off100,8-73,01107,9-74,710848,9-76,5
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2316" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2316 { ... } #supsystic-table-2316 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2316 tbody tr { ... } */



Graphics cardDominant sound freq. and noise level in SOTTR@2160pNF-F12 PWMNF-A15 PWM
Low rangeMid rangeHigh range
Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G (OC), ReBAR on195,8-72,71045,7-64,78365,6-83,1
Sapphire RX 7900 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-74,4213,6-70,85915,4-79,7
MSI RTX 4070 Ti Suprim X 12G (G), ReBAR on100,8-77,91076,3-77,95583,4-82,2
MSI RTX 4080 16GB Suprim X (G), ReBAR on190,3-78,41045,7-74,411830,8-75,3
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR off138,5-78,41140,4-78,52031,9-84,7
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR on138,5-78,31107,9-78,42031,9-84,6
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on50,4-80,11107,9-76,56834,4-84,3
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off47,6-84,31107,9-75,96834,4-82,8
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-68,81356,1-75,76088,7-82,6
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR off100,8-69,51356,1-74,85915,4-83,1
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR on44,9-73,01045,7-50,32031,9-60,5
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR off41,8-72,61076,3-51,42031,9-60,7
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR onSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on138,5-63,11140,4-57,95747,0-74,7
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR offSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR off134,5-61,71107,9-58,65747,0-74,2
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on100,8-73,91140,4-75,45915,4-77,2
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off100,8-75,11107,9-75,25915,4-76,5
MSI RTX 3060 Ti Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-70,81076,3-83,67034,6-81,9
Gigabyte RTX 3060 Eagle OC 12G, ReBAR off100,8-71,9213,6-64,52031,9-73,8
MSI RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off106,8-74,5213,6-71,34561,4-79,3
MSI RTX 3070 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-73,0213,6-72,36267,2-84,9
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR on100,8-71,81140,4-66,19948,5-81,3
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR off100,8-71,61140,4-67,89665,3-80,6
TUF RTX 3080 O10G Gaming, ReBAR off100,8-75,41076,3-72,37240,8-74,2
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR on100,8-73,21107,9-73,910848,9-76,3
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR off100,8-73,21107,9-75,310848,9-75,4
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2317" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2317 { ... } #supsystic-table-2317 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2317 tbody tr { ... } */



Graphics cardDominant sound freq. and noise level in CS:GO@2160pNF-F12 PWMNF-A15 PWM
Low rangeMid rangeHigh range
Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [-dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [-dBu]
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G (OC), ReBAR on100,8-73,71045,7-73,35747,0-85,8
Sapphire RX 7900 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,873,7213,6-71,45747,0-76,3
MSI RTX 4070 Ti Suprim X 12G (G), ReBAR on100,8-77,9207,5-81,64305,4-83,5
MSI RTX 4080 16GB Suprim X (G), ReBAR on100,8-79,01076,3-72,211830,8-76,4
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR off138,5-79,81107,9-77,62031,9-83,4
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR on123,4-81,01107,9-77,82031,9-83,6
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on50,4-79,61107,9-74,27240,8-80,8
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off49,0-84,31107,9-80,06834,4-80,2
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-68,71356,1-74,76088,7-80,8
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR off100,8-69,31356,1-75,16088,7-79,2
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR on47,6-67,11045,7-49,62031,9-60,1
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR off47,6-70,31140,4-50,82031,9-60,2
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR onSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on138,5-64,11107,9-60,18610,8-70,9
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR offSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR off134,5-71,61107,9-66,48365,6-72,1
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on100,8-72,61173,8-74,95915,4-74,6
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off100,8-75,01107,9-73,85747,0-74,2
MSI RTX 3060 Ti Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-71,41107,9-83,16267,2-82,5
Gigabyte RTX 3060 Eagle OC 12G, ReBAR off100,8-72,6213,6-64,82031,9-73,8
MSI RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off106,8-75,7213,6-73,44695,1-77,6
MSI RTX 3070 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off106,8-75,7213,6-73,46267,2-82,7
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR on100,8-71,21107,9-66,29948,5-77,4
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR off100,8-71,11076,3-77,39665,3-77,7
TUF RTX 3080 O10G Gaming, ReBAR off100,8-74,21076,3-70,97240,8-74,4
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR on100,8-73,01107,9-74,37671,3-72,4
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR off100,8-72,31107,9-73,710848,9-72,5
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2318" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2318 { ... } #supsystic-table-2318 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2318 tbody tr { ... } */



Graphics cardDominant sound freq. and noise level in Blender (Cycles), ClassroomNF-F12 PWMNF-A15 PWM
Low rangeMid rangeHigh range
Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G (OC), ReBAR on195,8-73,71045,7-69,616731,3-87,4
Sapphire RX 7900 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-73,8207,5-74,17034,6-85,2
MSI RTX 4070 Ti Suprim X 12G (G), ReBAR on100,8-77,8207,5-82,35747,0-89,5
MSI RTX 4080 16GB Suprim X (G), ReBAR on100,8-80,31140,4-86,711830,8-89,4
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR off123,4-79,3213,6-81,418245,6-85,5
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR on123,4-79,5213,6-81,518245,6-85,6
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on50,4-77,91107,9-83,57240,8-87,3
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off50,4-79,11107,9-83,97240,8-87,5
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-70,11356,1-73,45583,4-86,1
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR off100,8-69,81356,1-73,75915,4-86,0
Asus GT 1030 SL 2G BRK, ReBAR off50,397-71,71107,9-94,919330,5-90,5
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR on50,4-76,41107,9-57,92031,9-69,7
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR off50,4-78,71076,3-60,95424,5-74,0
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on116,5-65,01107,9-68,55120,0-77,3
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR off116,5-65,11107,9-68,45120,0-77,1
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on100,8-72,61173,8-86,65915,4-82,4
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off100,8-75,81076,3-87,25915,4-82,1
MSI RTX 3060 Ti Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-70,4987,0-89,56450,8-89,0
Gigabyte RTX 3060 Eagle OC 12G, ReBAR off100,8-72,6213,6-70,02031,9-79,1
MSI RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-71,21076,3-85,35915,4-92,0
MSI RTX 3070 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-71,21076,3-85,318245,6-90,8
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR on100,8-71,9987,0-89,27452,9-88,3
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR off100,8-71,1987,0-89,07452,9-88,2
TUF RTX 3080 O10G Gaming, ReBAR off106,8-81,51660,0-80,66834,4-78,0
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR on97,9-79,81208,2-89,67671,3-85,2
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR off100,8-73,01243,6-95,27671,3-85,0
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2319" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2319 { ... } #supsystic-table-2319 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2319 tbody tr { ... } */



Graphics cardDominant sound freq. and noise level in CS:GO@1080p (coils only*)NF-F12 PWMNF-A15 PWM
Low rangeMid rangeHigh range
Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]Frequency [Hz]Noise level [dBu]
Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G (OC), ReBAR on100,8-74,11317,5-82,35747,0-85,8
Sapphire RX 7900 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-73,21076,3-81,55747,0-76,3
MSI RTX 4070 Ti Suprim X 12G (G), ReBAR on100,8-78,0987,0-78,65583,4-84,3
MSI RTX 4080 16GB Suprim X (G), ReBAR on100,8-80,51140,4-71,811830,8-74,9
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR off50,4-83,61317,5-83,07896,1-83,9
MSI RTX 3050 Ventus 2X 8G OC, ReBAR on50,4-77,71317,5-87,310848,9-84,5
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on50,4-81,81045,7-84,22091,4-77,7
Sapphire RX 6650 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off50,4-83,31974,0-90,07034,6-82,4
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR on100,8-72,01107,9-83,72215,8-79,6
Sapphire RX 6600 XT Pulse, ReBAR off100,8-68,41917,8-88,76450,8-81,4
Asus GT 1030 SL 2G BRK, ReBAR off50,4-71,11107,9-91,712534,3-89,8
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR on50,4-80,61660,0-80,37896,1-80,2
Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G (OC), ReBAR off50,4-78,81660,0-82,67671,3-80,4
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR onSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR on100,8-74,9739,4-67,95915,4-78,5
Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR offSapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE (P), ReBAR off50,4-81,4739,4-70,28610,8-73,6
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR on100,8-74,6987,0-84,85747,0-69,6
Sapphire RX 6700 XT Nitro+ (P), ReBAR off100,8-74,71395,9-88,45747,0-70,3
MSI RTX 3060 Ti Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-73,01974,0-88,16267,2-83,6
Gigabyte RTX 3060 Eagle OC 12G, ReBAR off100,8-73,61974,0-90,26088,7-83,1
MSI RTX 3090 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off50,4-76,1987,0-84,85915,4-83,3
MSI RTX 3070 Gaming X Trio, ReBAR off100,8-74,71317,5-81,46088,7-84,6
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR on100,8-71,8987,0-87,77452,9-80,4
AMD Radeon RX 6800, ReBAR off100,8-72,01660,0-90,48863,1-84,5
TUF RTX 3080 O10G Gaming, ReBAR off100,8-75,61140,4-81,79948,5-78,7
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR on100,8-73,61660,0-79,87452,9-74,0
AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT, ReBAR off100,8-73,31660,0-83,37452,9-76,4
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2320" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2320 { ... } #supsystic-table-2320 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2320 tbody tr { ... } */
*With the Sapphire RX 6900 XT Toxic LE, as with the only tested graphics card, the spectral analysis also includes the sound of the water pump.



For a long time they were missing in our test database, but now we are adding them – the results of a GeForce RTX 4090. When it comes to gaming performance, graphics cards with AD102 GPUs have no competition, but it often costs an extreme 450 W. The Gigabyte Windforce cooler handles such an onslaught by a wide margin though, on top of, and now hold on to your hats, non-loud coils, somewhere on the level of the RTX 3060 (Ti). Really.

Conclusion

The GeForce RTX 4090 stands out significantly among other graphics cards. Even the later addition of the Radeon RX 7900 XTX won’t change its essentially unrivalled position in terms of speed in the tests. The increase in speed compared to the RTX 3090 is almost 60 percent, and discussing the RTX 4090 in the context of resolutions other than UHD (2160p) doesn’t make much sense. That’s why all the following statements will be based on operating in such an environment, at a resolution of 3840 × 2160 px. Even Cyberpunk 2077 doesn’t drop below 60 fps in a run through a challenging test scene on “Ultra” visual settings without RT graphics. With ray tracing the performance is slower, but this is the only graphics card that reaches a somewhat “playable” level.

The average frame rate of the vast majority of games tested is in the triple digits, in the case of Shadow of the Tomb Raider even with the maximum RT graphics setting, although its share in this game is quite small. There’s more ray-tracing in Battlefield V, and fps remains high (fps drops are far from an uncomfortable zone). In short, the RTX 4090 is an option after which even the hardcore gamer doesn’t want to deal with upgrading their build for some time.

Computing performance is also top-notch and fearlessly highest among gaming graphics cards, especially with Tensor Core Acceleration (for example, in Blender, but also in many other applications). For a professional environment at a “gaming” price, the RTX 4090 has good predispositions also because of the large memory, 24 GB. This is similar to the RTX 3090 (Ti) or the RX 7900 XTX. Compared to the Radeon RDNA 3, however, there is the advantage of Nvidia CUDA support (AMD graphics cards under OpenCL often lag significantly behind in speed).

The price for elite speed is extremely high power draw, which ranges between 400–450 W under high load. This naturally results in high cooling requirements, which translates into both extra-large dimensions and higher noise levels. The latter is held at a significantly lower level for the Gigabyte Gaming OC 24G test card than it was for the Aorus RTX 3080 Xtreme 10G. The ratio of noise per unit of power draw is quite favorable. Such 85W less hungry RX 6900 XT with a 360 mm liquid cooler in Sapphire’s top-of-the-line design (Toxic LE) makes its presence known more loudly.

We won’t give you any illusions about a silent card, you won’t get to that even in the “Silent” BIOS mode. With it, we did not notice a significant change, but considering the power draw, the noise level of the cooler is satisfactory. Especially by the proportions of Gigabyte, which is known to set more aggressive regulation with steep speed curves in the interest of the longest possible life. The settings didn’t completely avoid it even now, which can be seen in the relatively low temperature (both GPU and memory) – there’s definitely room to turn down the fans.

The biggest surprise is the sound of the coils. Instead of the noisiest expectations, the Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G’s coils are quieter than cards from the opposite end of the performance spectrum. That’s a big motivation in this class for demanding users. First to buy this model (Gigabyte Gaming OC 24G) and then to manually tune its fans. Their running is not characterised by distinctive tonal peaks either.

For the cooler and actually for the overall design of the card (including the coils on the PCB), Gigabyte definitely deserves praise. And it’s not even the top model, so there’s also an attractive price-to-performance ratio by RTX 4090 graphics card standards. It is weaker overall, of course, but that’s the way it’s always been and probably always will be with the most powerful cards. In favorable conditions (that is, with proper cooling), the specified GPU clock speeds are significantly exceeded with the Gigabtye Gaming OC 24G card. This is even when operating at the limit of the power draw limits. Even then, the GPU clock speed is at least +200 MHz compared to what Gigabyte guarantees within the official parameters.

Although very high power draw is also associated with the GeForce RTX 4090, it should be pointed out that across generations (from Ampere to Ada Lovelace) its increase in percentage is disproportionately lower to the high increase in gaming and compute performance. Power efficiency is up roughly 50% when comparing RTX 4090 to RTX 3090. Efficiency is comparable for light workloads such as video decoding, web browsing or just simple 2D image rendering. A more significant increase in RTX 4090 is only alongside multi-monitor systems.

So the key points: price under 1900 EUR, effective cooler, acoustically very well handled coils and timeless performance of the currently fastest Nvidia GeForce GPU. For its set of attractive features, we award the Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G graphics card with the “Top-noch” editorial award.

English translation and edit by Jozef Dudáš

Gigabyte RTX 4090 Gaming OC 24G
+ The highest performance available in gaming graphics cards...
+ ... also suitable for 4K gaming with ray tracing at high fps
+ Much faster than the RTX 3090
+ As much as 24 GB of VRAM
+ Very decent efficiency...
+ ... significantly higher performance per watt than its Ampere generation predecessor
+ Effective Windforce cooler
+ Non-loud coils. Significantly quieter even compared to significantly slower graphics cards
+ Exclusive support for DLSS (3), CUDA and OptiX
+ AV1 encoding support
+ PCI Express slot holder/support included
+ Fancy RGB LED lighting
- Weaker price/performance ratio
- Overall larger size and poorer compatibility with cases
- DisplayPort version 1.4a only (applies to all RTX 4090/Ada Lovelace graphics cards)
Suggested retail price: 1878 EUR
/* Here you can add custom CSS for the current table */ /* Lean more about CSS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets */ /* To prevent the use of styles to other tables use "#supsystic-table-2325" as a base selector for example: #supsystic-table-2325 { ... } #supsystic-table-2325 tbody { ... } #supsystic-table-2325 tbody tr { ... } */

For cooperation in providing the tested hardware, we would like to give special thanks to the Datacomp e-shop